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一些常用的Shell命令总结

格式化输出 ​

shell
# http://linuxcommand.org/lc3_adv_tput.php
# for example:
#     echo "${red}Error ${normal}something wrong"
if test -t 1; then # if terminal
    ncolors=$(which tput > /dev/null && tput colors) # supports color
    if test -n "$ncolors" && test $ncolors -ge 8; then
        termcols=$(tput cols)
        bold="$(tput bold)"
        underline="$(tput smul)"
        standout="$(tput smso)"
        normal="$(tput sgr0)"
        black="$(tput setaf 0)"
        red="$(tput setaf 1)"
        green="$(tput setaf 2)"
        yellow="$(tput setaf 3)"
        blue="$(tput setaf 4)"
        magenta="$(tput setaf 5)"
        cyan="$(tput setaf 6)"
        white="$(tput setaf 7)"
    fi
fi

Generate Random String ​

参考 bash generate random alphanumeric string.

shell
# bash generate random 32 character alphanumeric string (upper and lowercase) and 
NEW_UUID=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1)

# bash generate random 32 character alphanumeric string (lowercase only)
cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1

# Random numbers in a range, more randomly distributed than $RANDOM which is not
# very random in terms of distribution of numbers.

# bash generate random number between 0 and 9
cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '0-9' | fold -w 256 | head -n 1 | head --bytes 1

如果报错 head: illegal option -- -，加环境变量 LC_CTYPE=C 即可。

Crontab ​

  • crontab guru - The quick and simple editor for cron schedule expressions.
* * * * * command to be executed
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | ----- Day of week (0 - 7) (Sunday=0 or 7)
| | | ------- Month (1 - 12)
| | --------- Day of month (1 - 31)
| ----------- Hour (0 - 23)
------------- Minute (0 - 59)
shell
# list cron jobs
$ crontab -l

# edit crontab file
$ crontab -e
$ EDITOR=vi crontab -e

# add a cron job
$ (crontab -l; echo "*/1 * * * 1-5 echo hello") | crontab -

# add a cron job with no duplication
$ croncmd="*/1 * * * 1-5 echo hello"
$ (crontab -l | grep -v -F "$croncmd"; echo "$croncmd") | crontab -

# remove a cron job
$ crontab -l | grep -v -F "$croncmd" | crontab -

Logrotate ​

# /etc/logrotate.d/xxx

/path/to/your/logfile {
    daily                # or weekly/monthly/yearly
    size 100M            # or 100/100k/100G
    rotate 7
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create 644 root root
    postrotate
        /usr/bin/killall -HUP rsyslogd
    endscript
}

Troubleshooting: Logrotate not rotating file after file size exceeds the limit

SSH ​

Generate SSH Key ​

shell
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

Set Alive Interval ​

# ~/.ssh/config

Host *
  ServerAliveInterval 30

Host example
  HostName 1.1.1.1
  User testuser

SSL/TLS ​

Generate self-signed certificate ​

shell
# genrate private key
$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048

# generate certificate signing request
$ openssl req -new -sha256 -key server.key -out server.csr

# generate self-signed certificate
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

Hardware ​

Arch ​

shell
$ arch

$ dpkg --print-architecture

CPU ​

shell
# list cpu info
$ lscpu

# cpu info
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

Memory ​

shell
# memory usage
$ free
$ free -m

# memory info
$ cat /proc/meminfo

# memory statistics
$ vmstat -s

Disk ​

shell
# file system disk usage
$ df -h

# list block devices
$ lsblk

Other ​

shell
# list hardware configuration
$ lshw
$ lshw -short

# list usb
$ lsusb

# list pci
$ lspci

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